Topic Tag: BFE3

Candida is a fungal yeast present in the normal microbial flora of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and skin, of which Candida albicans is the most abundant species.5 Excess proliferation of this yeast can lead to an invasive infection known as candidiasis (kan·duh·dai·uh·suhs) or thrush.5 Candidiasis and other fungal infections of the mammary tissue are […]

Subacute mastitis is a chronic microbiome imbalance in the breast tissue associated with an overgrowth of coagulase-negative staphylococci or viridans streptococci bacteria.11 This chronic infection results in the development of thick biofilms inside the milk ducts, thus causing inflammation and narrowing.11,90 Signs and symptoms tend to be milder than those of acute mastitis.  Signs and […]

Question 1 Mark the following statements as either true or false. << Back Next >>

A breast abscess is a localized collection of pus trapped in the breast tissue, occurring in approximately 3-11% of bacterial mastitis cases.5,11 It may occur when treatment for mastitis is delayed, incorrect, inadequate, or not completed.5 An abscess can develop at the same time as mastitis or weeks after it has been treated.5 The signs […]

Inflammatory mastitis is a non-infective condition that results from persistent or increased inflammation in the glandular tissue and is often associated with ductal narrowing and hyperlactation. Signs and symptoms may include:4,11 Erythema, edema, induration, and tenderness in a wedge-shaped area, often starting within 2cm of the areola Deep breast pain Systemic symptoms such as malaise, […]

Question 1 Ductal narrowing is associated with: Check all that apply Question 2 Mark the following statements about ductal narrowing as either true or false. << Back Next >>

Question 1 What are the main causes of postpartum breast engorgement? Check all that apply Question 2 Manual lymphatic drainage may help to move the congested lymph fluid towards the lymph vessels. Match each step with the correct visual. << Back Next >>

Background: Luisa is at home with her infant Gabriel and partner José, postpartum day 4. She is 39 years old and had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Luisa previously breastfed her daughter for 6 months before returning to work, and she tells you she plans to do the same for Gabriel. Luisa says her breasts have […]

Background: Parminder and her husband Vikram have a 4-month-old son and an older daughter. Their son Narveer was born at 32 weeks and spent his first 5 weeks of life in the NICU. Parminder has transitioned from pumping to her goal of exclusive breastfeeding by 3 months of age. Parminder tells you she felt very […]

Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders Mood and anxiety disorders are common during the perinatal period and are estimated to affect up to 25% of postpartum women.64 These disorders may be experienced more intensely in the postpartum period due to hormone changes associated with pregnancy and birth.64 Women with mood and anxiety disorders are more likely […]