References

<< Back Course Home >> Wambach K, Spencer B. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. 6th ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2021. Becker G, Smith H, Cooney F. Methods of milk expression for lactating women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(9). Strauch L, Sweet L, Scott H, Müller A. Mechanisms of support for exclusive breastmilk expressers in […]

Quiz

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Topic 4: Bottle Feeding

A bottle with an artificial nipple may be recommended if the infant is not able to feed at the breast and the parent has made an informed feeding decision to use a bottle. Giving the parent information about bottle feeding and using an artificial nipple—weighing the health benefits and risks—is important as using an artificial […]

Topic 3: Lactation Aid

A lactation aid, also known as a supplemental nursing system, is an oral feeding tube attached to a bottle, syringe, or bag. A unique aspect of a lactation aid is that it can be used to supplement while the infant is latched at the breast.4 Very limited research exists that examines use of this feeding method.74 […]

Topic 2: Finger Feeding

Finger feeding involves inserting a clean finger into an infant’s mouth while feeding via syringe, dropper, or feeding tube. Research on finger feeding is limited to a few single studies in preterm infants.73   Finger feeding may be a good alternative feeding method when:1   The infant is unable to latch or feed effectively at the breast.  […]

Topic 1: Spoon & Cup Feeding

Most infants, including preterm, are able to sip or lap from a spoon or cup since birth, and this method is commonly used in many countries around the world.1,4 Spoon feeding may be more useful when supplementing with colostrum, due to the thicker consistency and smaller amounts.20 Most research on cup feeding focuses on preterm […]

Introduction

High-quality research on alternative oral feeding methods is limited, so potential risks and benefits are not well understood. If the infant is sputtering, gagging, coughing, or showing other signs of distress during feeds, the feeding method should be immediately assessed.  When counselling parents on alternative oral feeding methods, consider the following:4 Infant’s age and health  […]

Additional Resources

The Breastmilk Safe Management Policy Suite and education is available for HCPs who work in all AHS acute care settings including NICU, maternity, postpartum and pediatrics.   AHS Nutrition Services HCP eLearning modules: Safe Preparation and Handling of Infant Formula and Infant Formulas  AHS Nutrition Services parent resource: Feeding Babies Video Series – Infant Formulas  AHS […]