Topic 5: Safe Preparation & Storage of Supplementary Feeds

Safe Preparation & Storage of Expressed Breastmilk Proper storage and preparation of expressed breastmilk (EBM) is important to help retain as many nutritional and immunological properties as possible, while also reducing the risk of contamination.65 General principles for the proper storage of expressed breastmilk include:65,68   Using glass bottles or sturdy bisphenol A-free plastic containers or […]

Topic 4: Supplementary Feeding Amounts & Feeding Plans

Intake amounts vary between feeding sessions and are unique to the individual infant. For reference, the tables below outline the range in average amounts of breastmilk consumed via breastfeeding based on age for the healthy term infant (usually ≥ 3.0 kg). Please see the Did You Know box below which provides some context for how these […]

Topic 3: Supplementary Feeding Options

There are three recommended options when supplementary feeding is indicated – the parent’s own breastmilk, pasteurized donor human milk, and commercial infant formula. Using an Informed Feeding Decision approach will determine what feeding option is the best for the breastfeeding family and infant within their unique context.   Supporting Parents with Medically Indicated Supplementary Feeding Decisions […]

Topic 2: Indications for Supplementary Feeding

Supplementary feeding may be medically indicated in the following situations after appropriate breastfeeding management strategies have been unsuccessful:  Signs of inadequate breastmilk intake, including:28  Inadequate output   Insufficient weight gain   Excessive weight loss  Clinical and laboratory evidence of hypoglycemia, dehydration or hyperbilirubinemia.28,29 Insufficient milk supply due to:  Delayed onset of lactation (lactogenesis II) by 3-5 days […]

Topic 1: Breastfeeding Terms & Definitions for Classification in Alberta

Breastfeeding is an important population health indicator. In Alberta, infant and child feeding information is collected from families to monitor and describe breastfeeding practices across the province. This information is gathered and reported in a consistent manner according to standard breastfeeding definitions created by the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada in 2004, adapted to the Alberta […]

Introduction

Appropriate supplementary feeds are expressed breastmilk, donor human milk, and commercial infant formula. Alternative feeding methods for supplementary feeds include finger, cup, spoon, syringe, bottle, or a lactation aid (see Lesson 3). Supplementary Feeding and Health Outcome Evidence In the context of supplementary feeding, the actual health outcomes associated with certain feeding options and methods, like […]

Additional Resources

Please note some links are to webpages external to AHS. These websites have not been reviewed in their entirety or endorsed by AHS for scientific accuracy or alignment with AHS policies. User discretion is advised as other resources on the websites may not align with AHS guidance.   Prenatal Colostrum Expression | La Leche League […]

Quiz

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Topic 3: Exclusive Pumping

Exclusive pumping is when a parent exclusively feeds their infant their own expressed breastmilk but does not feed directly at the breast.20 Exclusive provision of the parent’s expressed breastmilk is included in Alberta definitions of exclusive breastfeeding (see Lesson 2, Topic 1). The occurrence of exclusive pumping is increasing globally,21 although prevalence estimates are not available […]

Topic 2: Antenatal Colostrum Expression

Topic 2: Antenatal Colostrum Expression Antenatal Colostrum Expression (ACE) is the expression and storage of colostrum during the late stages of pregnancy. ACE has been commonly recommended to help mitigate the risk for delayed lactogenesis in parents with diabetes in pregnancy and to provide colostrum for treatment of hypoglycemia in their infants.16 ACE is now […]